Northern Lights and their true impact on Earth

Northern Lights and their relationship with the Sun

The Northern Lights are one of the most impressive natural phenomena that can be observed in the skies of high and mid-latitudes. They occur when charged particles emitted by the Sun, known as the solar wind, interact with the Earth's magnetosphere. This collision generates colorful lights, usually green, red, and purple, that dance across the night sky.

To measure the geomagnetic activity that causes auroras, scientists use the KP index , which ranges from 0 to 9. A high value, such as 6 or 7, indicates strong geomagnetic storms capable of making the northern lights visible further south, even reaching areas of North and Central America that do not normally see them.

During periods of high solar activity, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) increase the intensity and visibility of auroras. This makes each night a unique opportunity for observers, amateur astronomers, and the simply curious to enjoy this natural spectacle.

Besides their beauty, the Northern Lights are indicators of the geomagnetic energy flowing around our planet. This energy can interact with sensitive technological systems, such as satellites, telecommunications networks, and power lines—something that technology and connectivity companies are closely monitoring.

How and where to see the Northern Lights in North and Central America

In North America, the areas most likely to see the Northern Lights are Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States. However, when the K-Pg index is high, even states in the central part of the country can experience flashes of light in the sky.

In Central America, auroras are extremely rare, but during extreme geomagnetic storms, observers with clear skies may notice faint flashes or color changes on the northern horizon.

To maximize the chances of seeing the Northern Lights , it is important to choose a dark place, away from artificial lights, and look towards the north, especially between 10:00 PM and 2:00 AM local time, when activity is usually at its most intense.

The impact of auroras and geomagnetic storms on technology

Although the Northern Lights are a natural spectacle, the geomagnetic storms that produce them can have significant effects on modern technology. For example, CMEs can induce currents in satellites, affecting GPS navigation, data transmission, and the stability of communication networks.

Telecommunications companies, including internet and mobile service providers, constantly monitor solar activity to anticipate potential disruptions to connectivity and critical systems. A strong geomagnetic storm can cause fluctuations in satellite signals, leading to delays in calls, streaming, or video conferencing.

Electrical and transportation systems can also be affected. This is because currents induced by geomagnetic activity can overload transformers and distribution networks, indirectly impacting the availability of digital services.

For gamers, streamers, or remote workers, this means that during periods of high KP (kilophone peak) it's advisable to be aware of potential outages and have alternative connections. And while most modern networks are designed to withstand these disruptions, prevention is always better than cure.

Observatories and space agencies like NOAA and ESA provide real-time alerts, allowing businesses and individuals to better plan their technology activities during geomagnetic storms. The presence of the Northern Lights is not only a visual spectacle but also a reminder that the Sun directly influences our digital lives and global technological infrastructure.

Preparation and tips for observing the Northern Lights

• Choosing a high, clear location is key to seeing the Northern Lights in North and Central America during geomagnetic storms.

• Always looking north increases the chances of capturing the lights.

• Warm clothing, red light flashlights and patience are essential: the Northern Lights don't always appear immediately, and the wait can last for hours.

Connecting science with technology

The Northern Lights not only fascinate observers but also serve as a reminder of how space energy affects our everyday technology. The planning and constant monitoring by telecommunications operators ensure that, even on nights of high solar activity, connectivity remains stable.

Being aware of KP indices and understanding how geomagnetic storms influence satellites, GPS, and communication networks allows companies and users to prepare to enjoy science without losing digital productivity.

Observing the Northern Lights is, therefore, an experience that unites nature, science and technology, reminding us that our planet is connected to the cosmos in very tangible ways.